In Middle Eastern Tradition, Lilith is a demon-goddess traditionally associated with storms.
Most people hear about Lilith because of her association with Adam, believed in the Judeo-Christian tradition to be the first man who ever lived. According to ancient tradition, Adam separated from Eve for awhile and went off by himself to meditate. He was then supposedly approached by Lilith, the demon goddess who essentially raped him and produced offspring.
Lilith appears in other mythologies, ranging from the Arabic to the Babylonian. In later literature, she was often portrayed as an emotional and Romantic figure and in many occult circles, she is still greatly revered. Other, Satanic orders view Lilith as the consort of Lucifer himself and thus hold her in high regard.
Most Christians are likely not familiar with the Lilith stories as they are considered apocryphal by the Christian denominations and are given only passing reference in certain biblical translations.
Due to these complicated and intertwined mythologies, Lilith has been an often misunderstood figure in religion and art.